The fruits are large, up to 20 cm (8 in) in diameter and weighing 900 g (2 lb) or more, and contain up to 500 dark brown comma-shaped seeds, about 7 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm ( 1⁄ 4 in × 3⁄ 16 in × 1⁄ 16 in). įruit production occurs mostly between December and January. fuscata, Bombus morio, Exomalopsis sp., Pseudaugochloropsis graminea, Apis mellifera, and Megachile benigna. frontalis, Oxaea flavescens, Centris scopipes, C. The latter produce fruit after cross-pollination by several species of pollen-collecting bees, including Xylocopa virescens, X. Flowers lack nectar, and are either male or hermaphroditic. The flowers are arranged in helical monochasal cyme, opening from the base up. The flowers are similar to those of the bitter nightshade: star-shaped, with five sepals, five blue or purple petals fused at the base, and five large yellow anthers that release pollen through an opening at the tip. Plants flower through the year, but more intensely during the dry season, from late fall to early spring. The large leaves are 16 to 28 cm (6 to 11 in) long, simple but deeply lobed, tough, and covered in a soft grey-white fuzz, in alternate disposition. The wolf apple plant is a flowering shrub or small tree with round open crown, ranging in height from 1.2 to 5 m (4 to 16 ft). It prefers moist, clay soil, full sun, and mild temperatures. The native range of the wolf apple tree is the Brazilian savannah, but it grows also on pastures and disturbed land, such as highway margins, in various parts of Brazil. Likewise, the scientific name " lycocarpum" is formed from Latinized Greek elements " lyco-", meaning "wolf", and " carpum" meaning "fruit". The name "wolf apple" comes from the fact that they account for more than 50% of the maned wolf's diet. The plant is called lobeira ("wolf's plant") or fruta-do-lobo ("wolf's fruit") in Portuguese. The current population of Maned Wolves is estimated at approximately 17,000 mature individuals, with the majority of the population (>90%) in Brazil.Solanum lycocarpum, or wolf apple, is common in the Brazilian savanna, the Cerrado ecoregion.Other threats include: human persecution due to livestock losses and cultural beliefs increasing vehicular traffic in highways resulting in road kills.Habitat destruction by agricultural development is the primary threat to Maned wolves.The Maned Wolf is listed as Near Threatened in its native range by the IUCN.They do not howl, but instead emit loud barks or roar barks to let their mate know where they are, and to warn other wolves to stay away.The Maned wolves upper carnassial (shearing teeth) are reduced, its upper incisors weak, and its canines are long and slender.Maned wolf urine has a powerful aroma, reminding many humans of the way skunks smell.It is the only member of its genus, Chrysocyon. Genetic studies show that it is neither fox nor true wolf, but a distinct species. It looks more like a long-legged fox than a wolf. The Maned wolf is the largest canid of South America.Urine and feces, deposited regularly in particular spots, may serve to mark territories.They hunt, travel, and rest solitarily, and are only closely associated during the breeding season. Mated pairs share permanent home range and remain fairly independent of one another.Maned wolves are primarily cre pus cu lar to nocturnal. They eat seasonally abundant fruits and vegetables as well as small mammals such as rodents, rabbits and insects.
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